'Blond Boys' - Dannie Abse.

Summary.

This is one the the Abse poems that I think also has simple story that it is telling that almost anyone can relate to, even today. So 'Blond Boys' is about Abse's youth and being supposedly in love with Eva Jones who he had claimed was his first love. We see Abse trying to prove himself to Eva by going out of his way to do so, but of course, we soon find out that Abse is rejected by Eva as his seems to prefer boys with blond hair or could is it hinting at some prejudice?

Themes explored.

Young Love -  So we see Abse reminiscing back to when he first had his true love - Eva Jones. This seems to bring back other memories in which involves Eva Jones and when Abse makes this shift into the past, we see Abse's character also change back into a young and naive teenage boy who was in love. These memories are triggered when he saw Eva Jones in Stockholm and he even describes her as his "first shy love". 

We then get the impression that during his youth, Abse was naive, vulnerable and stupid in love as Abse goes out of his way to impress Eva Jones. Abse feels as if he has to prove himself to Eva t show that he is everything that Eva looked for in a boyfriend. Abse goes back to when Eva dared him to steal Mrs Humphrey's summer apples and so here, we see how willing Abse is to do anything just so that Abse can have Eva. Abse describes his "heroic intensity of a 15 year old" which tells us that Abse was trying to come across to Eva as someone who was brave and rebellious. The fact that Abse was dared to act on what Eva told him to do shows that Eva was taking advantage of Abse's naivety and it also shows that she was in control of the whole situation.

Youth -   In Abse's memories, both of them are teenagers are were both still learning about life and searching for who they really were. As a youth, people fantasise about the things that they could make of their lives and the people in their lives as well. In 'Blond Boys' we see Abse fantasising about Eva Jones and what could possibly happen with the two. First we see Abse fantasising about Eva when she rode past him on her bike: "your skirt high, I held my breath". This shows that Abse was looking at Eva in a way that cannot be expressed by words and the sight of Eva leaves Abse speechless because of how beautiful and eloquent she looked riding her "important Raleigh bike". Their youth is also highlighted when Abse draws attention to their facial features: "Eva Jones, remember me? My acne. Your dimples". This also shows that they were going through physical changes as well as emotionally and mentally. 

Memories - Like in 'Two Photographs', Abse comes across someone from his past that bring back memories and make them come to life in the poem. Last time Abse had seen Eva was when she rejected him and made it very clear to him that she preferred blond boys. Now, Abse had happened to bump into her again, but this time she is different as she "hand in hand with her blond grandson". This shows although Eva has aged, she still prefers blond boys and probably still finds Abse "physically unattractive". Clearly, the way Eva thinks hasn't changed but what who she has become on the outside has.

Hope - Abse feels hopeful in the sense that he hopes that Eva's feelings towards Abse are mutual to his feelings towards her. We see Abse trying his hardest to connect his feelings with Eva's when he writes "I searched your searching eyes" as if he was hoping to find something in her eyes that may show that she feels as strongly as Abse does. However, the fact that Eva's eyes are also 'searching' for something suggests that she isn't clear of what exactly she wants from life and so this creates a sense of emptiness within her and being lost. The description of Eva's "searching eyes" really does contrast the way she is portrayed at the beginning of the poem because at the beginning of the poem she is presented as quite a character that makes Abse go out of his way just to impress - maybe to make her feel like she is worth taking the risk for.

However this hope of having a chance with Eva is quickly shattered as Abse is rejected by Eva. In the last stanza of the poem Eva is portrayed as a shallow and superficial character when Eva bluntly says "you have a beautiful classy mind but I find you physically unattractive". Not only is Eva portrayed as a superficial character but this also shows that she was taking advantage of the fact that Abse was so naive and willing to impress her. Eventually Abse had to have realised that Eva was only using him to satisfy her personal needs and this therefore shows that maybe Eva Jones was a lonely girl who just needed company for some time. 

'Two Photographs' Dannie Abse.

Summary.

So this Abse poem is about his two grandmothers who are called Annabella and Doris. Through out the poem Abse maintains a distinctive difference between these two characters as they are opposites to the way they are, the way they dress, talk etc. This whole poem is triggered by two different photographs that Abse comes across, of Annabella and Doris and this brings back to life the memories that Abse has of them. In the first three stanzas, we see Abse going to detail when he describes the women's characteristics and in the last two stanzas the mood of the poem seems to become more serious for me as I got the impression that maybe, in a way, Abse is still deeply hurt and therefore yearning for the existence of his grandmothers. 

Themes, ideas and quotes.

Celebration of women.

In this poem Abse celebrates the existence of these two women in his life, but he also celebrates women in general. As some have us have probably seen in other Abse poems, we can see that he loves women and seems to embrace the fact that they exist instead of being dismissive and patronising which I think Larkin is towards women in some of his poems.

Abse writes about his grandmother Annabella and "how slim she appears, how vulnerable. Pretty." Grandmother Annabella represents femininity and the elegance that women had. Also we see Abse observing this photograph of her with admiration because of the type she women she portrayed herself as and put herself out to be. The fact that Annabella is describes as being "vulnerable" highlights how young she must have been in the photograph and this probably contrasts to how invulnerable she as becomes by growing older over the years. I think this concept of Annabella being vulnerable in her younger years is significant because it shows that the older we grow, the more intolerant we become to certain things in life as we look back at some things in life that we let take advantage of us.

In contrast to grandmother Annabella, Doris is portrayed as a women of independence, words and discipline. "How portly she looks, formidable. Handsome." This description of Dories implies that maybe Doris was not the typical domesticated housewife and she was a women who preferred to live her life by her own rules. "formidable" means powerful and so not only do we understand that Doris was an independent women, but he she also power which could suggest that maybe she was educated, ambitious and had a strong personality. Abse then goes onto reinforcing this contrast between the two ladies as he writes "indecorous Doris devishly laughed" whereas "Annabella fasted - pious, passive, enjoyed small talk."

Abse contrasts Annabella to Doris to show the different types of women that there were and still are in the world as so we see Abse celebrating the diversity of women. Annabella and Doris are described by Abse with respect and admiration and it shows that Abse was closer to the female members of his family than the males and so therefore he felt more connected with the women in his family, but also the women outside of his family.


Youth and old age.
Abse also makes contrasts between the grandmother's youth and their old age. This is done by describing certain characteristics of theirs which we see slowly fade as they quickly progress to old age in the poem. One of the things that I also found interesting in this poem is that Abse draws our attention to this amber brooch and a string of pearls. The two pieces of jewellery are seen as something that reminds him of his grandmothers and it seems to be the only thing that has survived of them and the only things that haven't changed through time.

The way in which the two ladies dress also portrays how youthful they once were: "Doris, a lacy black gown with a string of pearls and Annabella wears a demure black frock with an amber brooch". However, this image fades later in the poem as Abse describes their "buns of grey hair" which highlights their 'unsatisfactory' ageing which is also explored in 'Reference Back' by Larkin.

Loss.
Loss is also another theme that is explored in this poem by Abse as he reminisces a lot about his two grandmothers. Abse's feeling of loss is shown when he mentions how he dreamt about his grandmothers the night before and so this shows that his grandmothers had been on his mind all day which causes him to dream about them.

Links to Larkin poems.

'Home is So Sad'
'Reference Back'

'Musical Moments 2.Outside a Graveyard' - Dannie Abse.

'Musical Moments 2. Outside a Graveyard'.

This poem by Abse is about the death of Miss Crouch, Abse's piano teacher. Through out the whole poem I got the impression that he is nostalgic when he reminisces about certain memories of Miss crouch and when he juxtaposes about observing her at a "romantic Moiseiwitsch concert".

Quotes and meanings.

Quote 1: "Many nearer than you have gone, too many, so your going does not touch me deeply".

Abse writes about how much of impact Miss Crouch's departure has had on him and how he feels about it. Quite frankly, Abse does not seem to be struck by her death as it is indicated that Abse has already experienced losses before of the ones he loved.

Quote 2: "yet I want to say, 'Sorry, Miss Crouch,' now that you are dismissed forever."

Here Abse is sympathetic and there also is irony. In 'Musical Moments 1' we see Abse being overjoyed when he says "O joy, Miss dismissed!". The fact that Abse now feels like apologising for the death of Miss crouch in 'Musical Moments 2' shows that he feels bad about having said that and he's looking back at the time he said it with "sounding regret". Also the tone in which Abse first said it is charismatic whereas in this poem, we see that tone fade and Abse realises that Miss Crouch has now been "dismissed forever" and so he begins to focus his attention on Miss Crouch in this poem and becomes more descriptive of every little detail.

Quote 3: "You were so unassuming and gentle. If there's a heaven, that's your address."

Abse paints an angelic picture of Miss Crouch. She is also described as being "blessed and sedate in evening dress" which creates an uplifting atmosphere even though the poem is about such a sad topic. 

Quote 4: "as if that music was making love to you".

This clearly shows that Miss Crouch was a woman with a very strong passion for music. The fact that Miss Crouch is also not married could imply that her only true love was music and that it was something in her life that could take her to another world where she could escape and show her true colours. Abse personifies the music to highlight the effect that the music had on her and the way it seemed to control her movements as she "sat thrilled in the stalls, eyes raptly shut", trying to embrace every note of the music. This shows that music also made her feel at ease. In the same stanza, Abse also juxtaposes between the past and present and he writes about how he "Once, after the war, observed you" and "Now I stare..." which shows Abse looking back at the time when Miss Crouch was alive with admiration of her music and talent.

Quote 5: "blessed and sedate in evening dress".

Again, this paints an angelic picture of Miss Crouch and she seems to be portrayed as a saint till the very end of the poem. The fact that she is in an evening dress shows that Abse is picturing her from his imagination, being dressed for a special occasion which may well be another romantic concert in Abse's mind. With the way that Abse describes Miss Crouch here, makes me also imagine how she looks and the way in which she is playing the piano. 

Quote 6: "yes, you and the piano triumphantly rising between the clouds, higher and higher".

So once again we see Miss Crouch being portrayed as saint that is making the final transition from life to a world after death and the fact that her piano goes with her shows that she was attached to the instrument and it had some sort of sentimental value. It could also show that the music that she played had an exalting effect on her audience that made them feel as if they were being purified through her music. "Rising" is a positive noun that metaphorically brings light to the poem and it glorifies Miss Crouch and her piano. Rising could also suggest the exuberance and freedom in heaven.

Links to Larkin poems.

'Ambulances'.

In this poem by Larkin, he explores the theme of death like Abse and Larkin describes the final transition from life to death also: "fastened doors recede". Similarly, Larkin shows the people's sympathy as they see the body being taken away in an ambulance: "Poor soul, they whisper at their own distress".

'For Sydney Bechet'.

The way in which Miss Crouch is describes by Abse is similar to the way Larkin writes about Sydney Bechet. Both women are full of exuberance when they play their music and it seems to give them the freedom to express themselves. Larkin praises Sydney for the music she plays: "Oh, play that thing! Mute glorious Storyvilles". We also see this being done by Abse when he writes "yes, you and the piano triumphantly rising". Both poets also write about the impact that the women's music has had on them. 

 

'Musical Moments 1. His Last Piano Lesson.' - Dannie Abse

'Musical Moments
1. His Last Piano Lesson.' - Dannie Abse.

Summary and first impressions.

From all the Abse poems I have studied and blogged about so far, this has to be the first one that I have struggled the most with in terms of finding the meanings behind words, phrases and the poem in general.

From what I managed to gather and understand from reading this Abse poem was that it is about his last piano lesson of course, but also about his experience with music coming to an end. I got the impression that Abse was not at all into music, unlike Larkin and it also seems that Abse did not enjoy his piano lessons, although his father wanted him to. I also get the feel that Abse is quite dismissive of the piano lesson because he seems to be more entertained by his surroundings than by the piano which is what he should have been focusing on, really. The fact that Abse seems easily distracted in this poem by his surroundings shows that Abse had no interest in playing the piano and that it was just something that his father wanted him to be able to do. 

Key themes and ideas.

Abse begins his poem by briefly introducing the audience to Miss Crouch, "the upright piano teacher". This first description of Miss Crouch portrays her as a well educated and formal lady like any teacher would be. In stanza one, Abse then goes onto writing about how his 'mates' knock at the back door to indicate him to go out and play with him, instead of sitting indoors in his boring piano lessons. Having said that, I can imagine Abse wanting to escape through the back door and from his piano lessons that he seems to have dread every time. 

One things I did notice on the first four stanzas of the poem, that some of you also may have picked up on as well is that the stanzas seem to describe some sort of noise going on in the background. For example, is stanza one the piano teacher "knocks" on the door and stanza two Abse describes how he heard "pointless cries of children". Stanza three Abse writes about the "backslangs and jabberwocks" and in all honesty I haven't got a clue what they mean, but I am just guessing that it has got something to do with noise which just adds to the background as well. We all something similar in stanza four as Abse depicts the park-keeper "stamping" the gravel path and "blowing" the whistle and the "shaking of umbrellas". Although the noises aren't very obvious when the poem is first read, we kind of get a hint at how loud or quiet the particular sound is. For example, we imagine the "pointless cries of children" to be rather loud and high pitched, whereas when the park-keeper is "blowing" his whistle would be a more gentle sound and the "shaking" of the umbrellas would be even more gentle and quick.  

One the final few stanzas we then see that the background noise fades just when Abse refers back to his home, downstairs where the piano lessons usually take place. Abse on stanza five, writes about how the piano lid is closed and so it looks like a "coffin of music". I think that this metaphor is powerful because it leads on to what happens next in the poem and in 'Musical Moments 2.Outside a Graveyard' where I will go into further detail on my next blog coming up. This metaphor also shows irony because music is seen as something that brings happiness, laughter and life into a room, but not in this case as we see that the music is not being played on the piano and so it is dead. It could also be seen as a metaphor for Abse's last piano lesson and so after his last lesson, the piano will no longer serve purpose in the house and Abse probably didn't intend on playing it ever again. We also see the sounds fade when Abse writes about how there were "no hectoring voices" pushing him to do something he didn't particularly enjoy doing.

Philip Larkin 'Ambulances'.

Philip Larkin - 'Ambulances' first impression and brief analysis.

First impression.

After reading 'Ambulances by Larkin, I was truly shocked at how much of a realist Larkin really is. Although Larkin uses abstract nouns to portray the meanings of things, the meanings are actually simple: we all become exposed to death as soon we are brought into the world and death is something that is inevitable no matter how rich or poor you are or were in society.

Brief analysis.

As well as picking out certain words and phrases from the poem, I thought I would also present some pictures that I think represent the words and phrases, just so you get a clear idea of what Larkin is saying visually looks like.

So, at the very beginning of the poem we all already see Larkin getting into what he does best, which is to think up of some intelligent way to depict certain images in the reader's mind:

"Closed like confessionals, they thread

Loud noons of cities".

]Here, Larkin emphasizes the cacophony within the city as the ambulance urges to its emergency. Not only is it a simile for the ambulance doors being firmly shut, but the fact that he describes the ambulance doors as being like "confessionals" shows that the person suffering in the ambulance is now being exposed to death and the person inside has now realized what death is really about.

"All streets in time are visited".

Now this line is the poem has a double meaning. The first meaning that I noted is the ambulances driving through all of the streets which is very simple. The second meaning is the fact that the ambulance will visit all of the streets because everyone must die eventually and so the ambulance can almost be seen as a motif for the early signs of someone's death, but everyone will experience death at their own pace and so the noun of "time" is key here as well. I guess you could also say that this is almost like a small paradox because being "visited" by something suggests that something good is coming to you or is going to happen, however the fact that it is an ambulance that will eventually visit everyone is not a good thing because it usually means the very first and early signs of death and we all just dread the day that one day where someone we know is taken away from us by an ambulance.

"Then children strewn on steps or road,

Or women coming from the shops

Past smell of different dinners".

In this particular section of the poem, Larkin isolates the people who are dying from the people who are still living. Larkin uses words such as "road" "shops and "dinners and this demotic, everyday vocabulary to portray the casualness of the human existence and their vulnerability to life.  Being a poet and a master of words, I thought that Larkin would have used abstract nouns to portray such a simple image of the everyday of children and women.The fact that women and children are carrying on with their lives as usual shows could possibly show their ignorance or their naivety in life. The use of the demotic vocabulary interestingly causes the topic of death to fade in the background of life.

"wild white face that overtops

Red stretcher-blankets momently

As it is carried in and stowed".

Larkin de-humanizes the people who have are dead, or who are dying as he no longer describes them as if they were humans and instead he describes them as objects. This quote also portrays a vivid image of someone dying as he describes the he describes it as a "wild white face". Larkin then goes onto using verbs such as "carried in and stowed" whch shows the body being put away into darkness until the funeral. Larkin also uses passive words to emphasize that they are no longer human. Once again Larkin uses demotic, everyday vocabulary maintain that casualness of human existence, but it also shows that death is a casual thing that happens in people's lives.

"the solving emptiness

That lies just under all we do".

Here, Larkin is saying that death under-grinds our actions in every day life and it culminates in death. This presents the reader with an image of someone's grave as people walk by it every day. the "solving emptiness" could may as well be the corpses that are lying underneath the ground we walk on. The fact that Larkin calls death the "solving emptiness" implies that Larkin sees death as the end to all of our problems in life.Death is all around is whether we know it or not and as dark as that sounds, that how Larkin seems to think.

"The fastened doors recede".
This is a metaphor for the final transition from life to death.

"At last begin to loosen".

Here Larkin is talking about the ties of life loosening and so the aspects of life begin to fall apart when someone dies, but instead of completely falling apart, these aspects only begin to unravel.

If anyone has any suggestions that they could make about any of the quotes I've picked out, then it would be great. It would also be interesting to see how different/similar your perceptions of the poem might be to compared to mine.

Lara.

'Red Balloon' by Dannie Abse - analysis.

Analysis of 'Red Balloon' by Dannie Abse.

Summary.

Abse uses the 'Red Balloon' as a symbolism of his Judaism and at the beginning we see the balloon going through some sort of journey of its own, drifting from place to place: "It sailed across the startled town, over chapels, over chimney-pots, wind-blown above a block of flats". Abse then goes onto to writing about he came across this balloon that had been drifting all around and suddenly it just happened to land where Abse was standing. However, in this poem we are also introduced to the people who ridicule his faith and those are the same people who are wanting to burst this fragile red balloon which actually plays a significant part in bringing together he meaning of not just the poem, but also Abse's struggles in life being a Jew. Abse shows that this poem is personal to him as he writes in first person but also he uses his childhood experiences is key because it is all pretty personal when someone talks about their childhood in such detail in the way that Abse does in this poem. The poem ends with the balloon staying as it was when it was first found and it doesn't burst despite the boys trying to purposefully burst it which is also symbolic and something to consider and look into in depth.

Key themes: Pride and prejudice, isolation, identity and religion. 

Significant quotes.

"it was my shame, it was my joy. it brought me notoriety". 

Here, Abse uses possessive pronouns so the red balloon has a sense of belonging and some sort of identity of its own. Abse then continues this repetition of the use of the possessive pronouns: "my balloon, my red balloon". Abse uses the red balloon as symbol of his "shame", "joy" and "notoriety" that it brings to him. However, as a whole, the red balloon symbolizes Abse's faith and it embodies how being  a Jew in that society, brought prejudice towards him but also pride and happiness. The red balloon also seems to be the only thing through out the whole poem that is bright and vivid as Abse depicts the balloon standing out from everyone in the poem because of the colour red. Red of course could symbolize many things but to me the colour red symbolizes strength, boldness, blood and confidence - the blood being the blood of a Jew.

"soared higher like a happiness towards the dark blue sky".

One of the obvious themes that Abse explores in this poem is pride and prejudice. In this quote, Abse uses a simile to reflect how he feel having found the red balloon. Here Abse is also saying that his faith in Judaism is what brings him that pride and happiness that everyone aspires to have.

"some unsheathed their dirty knives; some lunged, some clawed at my balloon, but still it would not burst".
A group of boys during Abse'd childhood, try to take that pride away however as we see them trying to burst the balloon in a brutal way despite only being just kids. It may well be said that the children's behaviour in this particular section of the poem is rather savage-like. However, the fact that such a fragile object doesn't burst at all represents Abse's strong belief in faith and so here, Abse's faith is seen as something that not only built his identity, but something that can make him feel secure and give him a sense of belonging. Also, because the balloon doesn't burst, could maybe show that actually Abse was protecting his precious and fragile red balloon.

"That I'm a Jew is true...that cannot be denied".
This just simply shows Abse standing up for his beliefs. This is said by Abse with such strong confidence and assurance that it makes him feel like the bigger person in the situation. The fact that Abse is not denying the fact that he is a Jew shows that he is proud of who he has grown up to be. Also, the language used by Abse here is defensive towards the comments that the boys make.


"Your red balloon's a Jew's balloon, let's get it circumcised".

This is obviously a comment that the group of boys make and I do have that this is rather degrading and vulgar. The group of boys here are referring to the tradition of Judaism where a boy is circumcised and when it is said by the boys it is mocking that tradition. Isolation is also portrayed in this quotation. The fact that a Jew has hold of the red balloon seems to suddenly set them apart in a negative way, but also the balloon is seen as an object that is looked down on and cursed at just because it is a "Jew's balloon". The theme of isolation is also portrayed when Abse writes about one of the boys stating the red balloon was "stained with our dear Lord's blood".  Now, what one of the boys is really saying here is that Judaism only seems to be an imitation of Christianity and that for the boys seems insulting but he could also be speaking on behalf of other Christians from that time in society where Judaism was looked down o by many.When the boys says "our dear Lord's blood", he is referring to Christianity and not Judaism and so he is seen as isolating Jews from Christians and making them seem like religions that conflict with each other.

'Love Songs in Age' first impressions.

First impressions on 'Love Songs in Age' by Philip Larkin.

Summary and very brief analysis.

'Love Songs in Age' is about 'her', who I assume is Larkin's mother, coming across music sheets that have been left lying around untouched until that one day that she decides to relearn the music on the music sheet. Memories of her youth are then triggered as the widow plays "each frank submissive chord". As she continues to play the music this seems to give her control and although the mother cannot control what has happened in the past, she can control the music and the rhythm at which it is played. 

The listing device that is used in stanza one shows the sentiment that the song has as each one seems to back back a memory: "One marked in circles...One mended...And coloured, by her daughter, till, in widowhood She found them". Larkin personifies the sheet of music to show that the widow was meant to come across the sheet of music, as if that moment was its destiny eventhough it was accidental. 

In the second stanza, there is a sense of re-birth and the past coming back to life as she continues to play each note. It's not the past in general that comes back to life but it is her youth that she is re-living through the music. This idea of her youth being revisited is conveyed when Larkin writes about "unfailing sense of being young" and "that hidden freshness" that she has not felt since she was young. 

This piece of music may well be a love song either written for her or by her during her youth. I say that it is a love song because love could be seen by some, as something that makes us feel young and it is the thing that most memories in life stem from. 

In the third and final stanza of the poem, we see a false hope and potential that the music is expected to bring as it is "still promising to solve, and satisfy". A sense of mortality is also depicted in this poem as something is waiting to happen - maybe someone else for her to love in her life as she did when she was young. However, the message at the end of the poem contradicts her happiness during her youth and "It had not done so then, and could not now". This refers to how love promises so much but fails to deliver its promises. The poem as a whole shows how attitudes change over time as we grow old. Also, although people can love unconditionally, time is very limited and so the poem is also saying that we should be conscious about the things and people we truly love in life because life is short as "That certainty of time is laid up in store". 

First impressions.

Again this is another poem by Larkin that I have thoroughly enjoyed reading and studying in Literature. Having studied previous Larkin poems where he is skeptical about life, I did get the impression that Larkin did have something good to say about love and life after all. However, that impression that I first got didn't go any further as I soon realized that Larkin believed that love does not satisfy or solve your problems in life. It didn't really surprise or shock me when Larkin ended the poem the way he did, in fact I would've been more surprised if Larkin decided to end 'Love Songs in Age' having a very positive view on love as I feel would like that wouldn't be Larkin. 

It seems to me, that it is one of Larkin's habits to end his poems with a philosophical thought and it definitely is something that really does bring the whole poem into perspective as well as other poems that I have studied. Personally, I think Larkin really has a very creative way of putting words together so things are seen from a certain perspective and in different lights.

'A Scene from Married Life' by Dannie Abse - brief analysis.

'A Scene from Married Life' .

Summary.

There is no question about what this poem by Abse really is about, but it isn't just any marriage to Abse - It's his marriage and the struggles that he and his wife Joan have experienced as a married couple. Abse writes this poem so that any married couple can also connect to Abse and his marriage which just shows that the poet is a normal everyday husband that enjoys writing poems in his free time and being a doctor for most of his living days. The poem is left as an open ending so the reader can guess what happens after the couple kiss and make up and I do have to say that it is rather predictable what happens next... 

Key themes and ideas.

One of the key themes in this poem is the struggles and difficulties in a marriage that has endured and will continue to endure for the years yet to come. Abse mentions the "squabble" he had with his wife and how the two would offend the other purposefully by using "fast, barbed words that made the other squirm". The fact that Abse describes the words as being "fast" and "barbed" suggests that they were harsh insults that they both felt the need to quickly get off their chest.This depicts a normal couple arguing and I almost find it quite comical how the other seems to be provoked to say something more offensive than the other, it's almost as if they are competing for who can be the most offensive. The comical side of this is that the nature of this argument seems childlike as children usually try to offend the other more than they have been offended just to prove that they can take an insult. This idea is reinforced when Abse describes the other feeling a "flushed indignation, verbal revenge". This shows that whatever one said to the other, the one being criticized begins to have a fury build up inside them probably making their cheeks go red as they get a feeling of strong displeasure of the insulting comment made by the other. This therefore seems to lead to a feeling of strong anger to be aroused within them which provokes them into getting revenge verbally and saying something worse!

The atmosphere of the poems begins to change after his argument with his wife as Abse physically removes himself from the escalating tension between the two. Significantly, Abse begins to look out to the "far dank confusion of the sea and sky in resentful wedlock". This depicts Abse reflecting on the insults and the "fast barbed words" that he and his wife exchanged out of anger. Abse describes seeing the "confusion of the sea and sky" shows that the argument is now all a blur and a big mess as he reflects on it. I also find it interesting how Abse uses the sky and the sea as a metaphor for their marriage as he describes the two elements being in a "resentful wedlock".

The "monstrous Tusker Rock" is a representation of their strong and worthy relationship and the bond they have built over the years, despite all the insults that thrown at each other. However, Abse also explores the theme of mystery and the fact that the rock is "crammed with ghosts" implies that the couple have gone through more difficult times in the past. The "ghosts" shows that the couple's past is haunted by things in the past that have tried to break their marriage or could it suggest that one has been unfaithful to the other? the depiction of the ghosts of the past could also be linked to those seagulls that "drifted above it like lost thoughts of the damned". This gives the idea that both Abse and his wife Joan have questions of their own about the other that haven't been answered. The atmosphere in this particular section is therefore enigmatic and we as readers also develop questions and wonders of our own about what the ghosts of the past could possibly be an embodiment of.

As the poem progresses into a better light, Abse begins to compare his married life to a "B movie to enact my great climactic scene". This gives the impression that that is what Abse wants his married life to be like - full of adventure, excitement and mystery. However this shows that maybe Abse isn't satisfied with the life he has and so he would want to live his life like the characters from an adventure movie. This is seen ass thought provoking hallucination that Abse has to distract him from the fact that he is going through a difficult time in his marriage.

In stanza 6, we see Abse coming to realize how much his wife and their marriage truly means to him. We see Abse snap out of his desire to want to live a different life in a B movie and he finally comes to look past what really is behind all the the anger.

"I swivelled for a last winsome longshot, saw

on the high cliff my wife dressed in blue and all

the best of the world true and desirable.

With surrendering waves I crawled to shore."

In this stanza Abse now explores the theme of explores one big theme of truth, sincerity and forgiveness. Here, Abse's wife Joan is seen in a blue dress and the colour blue symbolizes calmness and peace which could show that the argument between the two has now come to a halt, for now. Maybe the fact that Abse pictures his wife beautifully dressed in blue could have been what made Abse realize that in reality, he desires nothing more true and sincere than his wife and their marriage. As he "crawled to shore" shows that Abse is the one is on the floor apologizing and hoping to have forgiveness.

In stanza seven, Abse talks about how insignificant their arguments were compared to the love they both have for each other and their children as he looks back to this particular scene of their married lives. He describes their past arguments and their "own cold cars during the real Cold War" as being "few and brief" which shows that the couple didn't dwell on the difficulties of their marriage. The best poems tell simple stories on the surface, but if you really delve in to the meanings of the poem you can see much more and 'A Scene from Married Life' is definitely a poem that does this.

'The Malham Bird' - Dannie Abse

'The Malham Bird'.

Summary.

Abse writes about the couple's youth and reminisces back to the happy memories they had together before children. 'The Malham Bird' is a simple, loving and angelic poem that was written by Abse for his wife Joan. It is about a "Gentile and a Jew" falling in love and ending up spending the rest of their lives together with children of their own who have given Abse and Joan three grandchildren.

Key themes and brief ideas.

Abse begins the poem by referring back to the idea that a person of a non-Jewish nation should not fall in love or marry a Jew. In the first stanza, Abse shows off a bit of his  sense of humour when he jokes about a non-Jewish woman (his wife) and him being in love as he says:

 "no morning News announced the great world had been reinvented and we were new, in love - you a Gentile and I a Jew!"

Here, Abse is saying that even though they were of different religious faiths, they were in love and nothing was to be done about that, despite them going against the central principle of society during that time period of prejudice. The fact that Abse describes the "great world" being "reinvented" shows that Abse and his wife Joan, were one of the first couples from different backgrounds to be in love and weren't ashamed that they were in love. "reinvented" suggests that a Jew and a non-Jew being in love was some sort of revolution within their society which some people had a hard time to accept and understand.

Of course, one of the themes explored in 'The Malham Bird' is love that Abse has for his wife, youth and memories. We clearly see that this poems is very personal between Abse and Joan as he even says "Dear wife" as if he is having talking to her in person which makes the tone conversational but still very detailed and significant. Abse also describes their holiday at the "hidden beach in Wales" as "illicit" which meanings doing something that is not allowed by law or doing activities that are not considered morally acceptable. This therefore shows that it wouldn't have been acceptable for a couple like Joan and Abse to go on a holiday as lovers as it wouldn't have been socially acceptable. As the poem progresses, Abse continues with the theme of the growing love between him and Joan. This is shown when he describes "two chalk lines kiss and slowly disappear" which is representative of the couple. This explored furthermore when the couple are "more than together" which shows emphasizes how close the couple really were and still are. It implies that not only were the two madly in love and closer than ever, but they saw themselves as one instead of two different people from different backgrounds.

Abse then juxtaposes to the present tense "Now, three grandchildren later" he and his wife are still happily in love. This juxtaposition is done to make the reader compare how much his life has changed since his youth with his wife. The "black feathered bird, the malham of Eden" is said to be a Jewish legend who obeyed the commandment of not eating the forbidden fruit and so therefore it lives forever in paradise and stayed "lonely, immortal". Here, I get the impression that Abse sees himself as the Malham bird in the poem as he is a true, faithful Jew who is now lonely because he has experienced the unfortunate loss of his wife. Yet, he still remains "lonely, immortal".

Abse also juxtaposes to the present tense "Now, three grandchildren later" he and his wife are still happily in love. This juxtaposition is done to make the reader compare how much his life has changed since his youth with his wife. The "black feathered bird, the malham of Eden" is said to be a Jewish legend who obeyed the commandment of not eating the forbidden fruit and so therefore it lives forever in paradise and stayed "lonely, immortal". Here, I get the impression that Abse sees himself as the Malham bird in the poem as he is a true, faithful Jew who is now lonely because he has experienced the unfortunate loss of his wife. Yet, he still remains faithful and feels immortal despite all the the things in his life he has been through because of being a Jew.

Links to other Larkin poems.

'Talking In Bed'.

Larkin also explores the theme of enduring love in this poem as it is also simply about a young couple, like Abse and Joan,who are in love. Larkin portrays the couple in bed as being intimate and close together which creates a sense of comfort that all couples should have when around each other. Similarly, we see this in 'The Malham Bird' by Abse when he and Joan are "more than together" as they lay together on the sand looking up at the sky. It is not indicated that Abse and his partner make any communication and so this also is illuminated by 'Talking In Bed' as the couple also don't communicate which implies that words aren't enough to describe the love both of the couples have for each other at those very moments. 

'Last Visit to 198 Cathedral Road' by Dannie Abse - Analysis and comparisons to Philip Larkin.

'Last Visit to 198 Cathedral Road'.

Summary.

Last Visit to 198 Cathedral Road' is where Abse writes about re-visiting the place where his parents used to live before they passed away. I get the impression that that is what the poem is about because the place is dark dusty and silent and the only live thing in the "group-floor flat" is Abse's. In 'Last Visit to 198 Cathedral Road' Abse also becomes observant of the little details in the abandoned room,just like Larkin. At the end of the poem, Abse is left alone which seems to trigger more thoughts and memories of his parents.

Key themes and ideas.

A lot of the themes and ideas explored by Abse in 'Last Visit to 198 Cathedral Road' is very similar to the themes that Larkin uses in some of his poetry. One of the most obvious themes explored is the death of his parents in that one house. Abse describes the living room in the apartment as a dying room, rather" which depicts that his parents were unfortunate to both experience death in the same room and even so, Abse decides to not see it as a 'living' room anymore. Ironically, there is nothing else "living" in that one room that belongs there, so as well "living room" having its literal meaning as the main room of the house to some, the word "living" by itself shows ambiguity because it also means to be alive and living life. The fact that Abse now calls it the "Dying room" also shows that now that his parents are no longer around to look after the house, the house itself will continue to deteriorate and fade as it is lacking in love, care and attention. This is also very sinister because calling a room a "Dying room" paints a dark picture of  the room being haunted and cold. It also makes me link this one room to the gas chambers in World War 2 which could also be seen as the "Dying room" of the Jews. This makes it even more sinister because the purpose of the "Dying room" for the Jews, was to purposefully kill them, however, I am not saying that his parents were in a gas chamber or were killed, but this is what makes it sinister and dark.

The theme of deterioration and loss is also explored in the 'Last Visit to 198 Cathedral Road' and it is mainly portrayed through the house. This is shown when Abse describes the "vase that yawned hideously". Here, Abse personifies the vase and the purpose of this is to increase the reader's interest in the poem, but also by providing human characteristics immediately encourages the reader to relate to the things being described. This evokes emotions within the reader such as concern or sympathy. The fact that Abse personifies the vase could have also been done to not make the room so seem lifeless after all. Abse also depicts the crumbling and "wriggling, photophobic crack in the ceiling" which adds to the theme of deterioration. However, if it was to be looked at into more depth, then it shows that the building is beginning to settle down and aging like Abse's parents were before their death. So a  link can be made between the parents and the house as it could be said that the house is an embodiment of the parents as they put a lot of love and care into looking after the house, but of course, now that they are no longer around the house is giving up on itself and it will never find anyone else to look after it as well as they did. Abse then goes onto personifying the room "that was out of breath". Again, a link can be linked between the owners of the house as they were the heart and soul of that house and now that they are gone, the room has become empty and lifeless. The house could also be seen as grieving as well as Abse as the departure of the couple seems to have had a big impact on the house.

Furthermore, the house could also be seen as a reflecting Abse's true emotions behind the satire tone in stanza 2. In 'A Winter Visit', Abse states the he inhabits a "white coat not a black even here - and am not qualified to weep". Interestingly, these two poems by Larkin are linked in this way because in the 'Last Visit to 198 Cathedral Road' it seems as if Abse is trying to hide his true emotions as a doctor behind his white coat. In 'A Winter Visit' it was also discussed that Abse uses the coat to camouflage his feelings and this is exactly what the poet is trying to do in this poem. Instead of directly showing how he truly feels about the loss of his parents, Abse uses words such as "outraged", "empty", "hideously" and "dark" when describing the room he is in when actually, he could be discretely saying how he feels.

At the beginning of stanza 2, Abse is satire and mundane about when describing the living room and pretending to talk to his mother. Sarcastically, Abse says "Living room, did I say? Dying room, rather". This shows that Abse is correcting himself as he thought for a second that it was still a normal, family living room, when in fact it isn't anymore - it is now just a dark empty room with no meaning. Again, we see Abse being satire when he says "So much dust, mother!" Abse's speech here, almost seems comical as he pretends as if his mother was physically there but actually he is just talking to himself. Maybe that is something that Abse would have actually commented on to his mother as a joke which makes the poem more for Abse, but the fact that Abse is still imagining his mother still being there, shows that he is still grieving about his parent's death.

In stanzas 3, 4 and 5 we see Abse's desire for his parents to somehow return as he "sat sightless in the room that was out of breath and listened...to nothing". and so the theme of hope and love is also explored in contrast to the themes explored earlier in the poem. The fact that there isn't one "comforting, diminutive sound" shows that in fact, silence can be the loudest non sound. No voices, no birdsong, no noise from the creaking floors, no music and  the sound of absolutely nothing appears to be very loud and disquieting in this poem. This implies that it is unsual for the room to be lifeless and soundless as before, it would've been filled with sounds of his father's music and his mothers comforting, soothing voice. 

Links to Philip Larkin's poetry.

'Home Is So Sad'.

'Home Is So Sad' is one of the most obvious poems that illuminate qualities in the 'Last Visit to 198 Cathedral Road'. Similarly, Larkin also explores the theme of loss and emptiness by using the house as an embodiment of the impact that the mother's departure has had. It also conveys the idea of the home being where the heart is and so again, we see the life of the house being removed, leaving the home sad. We also see the persona grieving the death of his mother. However, there is a sense of hope within the persona when it says "It stays as it was left, Shaped to the comfort of the last to go, As if to win them back". This implies that they are yearning for the mother's return. We also see this one room in the house that sums up the person's existence as the it "stays as it was left".

'Reference Back'.

To some extent, 'Last Visit to 198 Cathedral Road' is illuminated by this Larkin poem because it philosophically talks about the concept of time and how "we're not suited to the long perspectives", simply meaning that we aren't meant to live for the rest of our lives.

'A Winter Visit' - Dannie Abse

'A Winter Visit' by Dannie Abse.

        

In this poem Abse shows concern and emotions to his aging mother. Abse begins 'A Winter Visit' with a  casual tone which paints a simple and everyday picture of a grown man taking his mother on a "walk through the local park" on a cold winter day. However Abse then begins to realise that that very moment that both his mother and him are in, will not last and there it will not be long until it will just be him walking through the park by himself. Abse begins the poem by using simplistic language. This is a significant element within the poem because it reflects the casualness and comfort of the relationship that Abse has with his mother and it also shows the love between the two people which is ever lasting. As the poem progresses, Abse then contrasts the mood within the first stanza when the theme of loss, grief and decay are introduced.

Abse cites the peacock as an emblem of life and spirit. However, the beautiful and angelic representation is quickly shattered by his mother's response about death: "This winter I'm half dead. son." To be "half dead" means to metaphorically exhausted, but in Abse's mother's case it could have the literal meaning of being half dead because of her old age. This implies that slowly but surely progressing towards her death and because of her old age, she has become deprived of life and losing touch from life. 

Interestingly, Abse compares his mother to someone who speaks for a deity as he writes "she like the sibyl". This simile shows that Abse sees his mother as a antique full of eloquence who has the voice of reason. The fact that Abse describes his mother as "sibyl" also shows the wisdom that she has of life that she has gained from living it, but now she is just an antique that only has stories to tell about its life.  Although Abse knows what his mother said is true about her being "half dead" and slowly dying, it hurts him to imagine her not being there with him.

Abse writes about wanting to cry, but it is prevented by a familiarity with illness and grief as a qualified doctor. Here, Abse dramatizes the tension between the two positions as he is seen as a son grieving for his aging mother, but also as a professional doctor who must keep his composure like he would with any other patient that would be progressing towards their death. This is clarified furthermore when Abse says "I inhabit a white coat not a black even here - and am not qualified to weep." The colour is represents his profession as a doctor and the colour black, which contrasts to the colour white, is a colour that is worn at funerals. However, it is interesting how it could be seen by some readers that Abse uses the "white coat" to hide his true emotions although that is ironic as well because the colour white is a colour that should be clear and easily seen but in this case, Abse is using the colour white to camouflage his emotions.

The last lines of 'A Winter Visit' is a poetic embodiment that Abse uses to escape and distract himself from the harsh reality of his life behind the white coat that he wears. He makes it clear that he is wearing a white coat as an emblem of his profession as a doctor and not wearing a black coat. This could possibly show that Abse hopes that he will not have to wear a black coat, or in other words, Abse hopes that he will not have to experience the sorrow and grief if his mother passes away. Abse also seems like the type of person that doesn't like to mix his personal life with his profession and this is clearly shown when he says that he is "not qualified to weep".

'A Winter Visit' is reminiscent of 'Reference Back' by Larkin because both poets explore the theme of loss and their relationships with their mothers, however this is done differently by both poets. In 'Reference Back' Larkin philosophically thinks about how much things have changed in his life since his youth. The fact that Larkin describes the hall and room as "unsatisfactory" shows that Larkin was not happy spending most of his time at home living with his mother but at the same time it shows a stubbornness within Larkin and we get the impression that he does not want to move out. The repetition of "unsatisfactory" and the fact that Larkin was "idly, wasting my time at home" also gives the impression that Larkin was lost as well as helpless even though his mother was progressing towards her death. In fact, if anything, Larkin seems to be quite dismissive of his mother and he seems to focus on himself and on how his life is changing as he grows old. Yes he does mention how the music bonds him with his mother, but the only time Larkin makes a personal remark on his mother is when he mentions her "unsatisfactory age" which isn't even something positive and so this raises the universal question - are we ever satisfied with life?

In contrast, Abse is more in touch and expresses more emotion towards his aging mother in 'A Winter Visit'. Abse uses words such as "cold", "cry", "weep" and "dark" to suggest how he feels inside as he cannot fully show how he truly feels inside because he is a doctor and so his profession restricts him to what and how he should feel in such cases.  What I also think is significant to point out in both poems is the fact that Abse is physically close to his mother as he walks by her side whereas Abse is geographically seperated from his. As I have learnt from reader other Abse poems, I know that he celebrates women and is loving towards the women is his life. Although Larkin on the other hand seems to see women in a very old fashioned way and is vague about the women in his life which shows that he didn't see women in the positive light that Abse saw them in.